Hydrogene peroxide ikora
Hydrogene peroxide ikora
Imiti ya hydrogène peroxide ni H2O2, ikunze kwitwa hydrogen peroxide. Kugaragara ni amazi adafite ibara rifite ibara, ni okiside ikomeye, igisubizo cyayo cyamazi gikwiranye no kwanduza ibikomere kwa muganga no kwanduza ibidukikije no kwanduza ibiryo. Mubihe bisanzwe, bizabora mumazi na ogisijeni, ariko igipimo cyo kubora kiratinda cyane, kandi umuvuduko wibisubizo byihuta wongeyeho catalizator - dioxyde de manganese cyangwa imirasire ngufi.
Imiterere yumubiri
Igisubizo cyamazi ni ibara ritagira ibara rifite ibara, rishonga mumazi, inzoga, ether, hamwe no kudashonga muri benzene na peteroli ether.
Hydrogene peroxide isukuye ni ibara ryijimye ryijimye ryijimye rifite ubushyuhe bwa -0.43 ° C hamwe n’ahantu ho gutekera kuri 150.2 ° C. Hydrogene peroxide isukuye izahindura imiterere ya molekile, bityo aho gushonga nabyo bizahinduka. Ubucucike bukomeye ahantu hakonje bwari 1,71 g /, n'ubucucike bwaragabanutse uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Ifite urwego runini kuruta H2O, bityo dielectric ihoraho kandi itetse iruta amazi. Hydrogene peroxide isukuye irasa neza, kandi ibora cyane mumazi na ogisijeni iyo ishyutswe kuri 153 ° C. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko nta hydrogene ihuza hydrogène hagati ya hydrogène peroxide.
Hydrogene peroxide igira ingaruka zikomeye za okiside kubintu kama kandi ikoreshwa muburyo bwa okiside.
Imiterere yimiti
1. Oxidative
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(bisaba uburyo bwa alkaline)
Kugabanya
3. Muri ml 10 yumuti wintangarugero 10%, ongeramo ml 5 yumuti wogupima aside aside (TS-241) na ml 1 ya potasiyumu permanganate yipimisha (TS-193).
Hagomba kubaho ibibyimba kandi amabara ya potasiyumu permanganate arabura. Ni acide kuri litmus. Iyo ari ibinyabuzima, biraturika.
4. Fata 1 g y'icyitegererezo (neza kuri 0.1 mg) hanyuma uyungurura kugeza kuri ml 250.0 n'amazi. Ml 25 yiki gisubizo cyafashwe, hanyuma ml 10 yumuti wo gupima aside sulfurike (TS-241) wongeyeho, hakurikiraho titre hamwe na 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate. 0.1 mol / L kuri ml. Potasiyumu permanganate ihwanye na 1,70 mg ya hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Kubijyanye nibintu kama, ubushyuhe, kubohora ogisijeni namazi, mugihe acide chromic, potasiyumu permanganate, ifu yicyuma yabyakiriye nabi. Kugirango wirinde kwangirika, urugero rwinshi rwa stabilisateur nka sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate cyangwa ibisa nabyo birashobora kongerwamo.
6. Hydrogene peroxide ni aside idakomeye cyane: H2O2 = (reversible) = H ++ HO2- (Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). Kubwibyo, peroxide yicyuma irashobora gufatwa nkumunyu wacyo.
Intego nyamukuru
Ikoreshwa rya hydrogen peroxide igabanijwemo ubuvuzi, igisirikare ninganda. Kwanduza buri munsi ni hydrogen peroxide yubuvuzi. Ubuvuzi bwa hydrogène peroxide irashobora kwica bagiteri zo mu nda zitera amara, cocci pyogenic, n'umusemburo utera indwara, zikoreshwa muri rusange kwangiza ibintu. Hydrogene peroxide igira ingaruka ya okiside, ariko kwibumbira hamwe kwa hydrogen peroxide yubuvuzi bingana cyangwa munsi ya 3%. Iyo ihanaguwe hejuru y igikomere, irashya, hejuru izahinduka okiside mo umweru ninshi, kandi irashobora gukaraba namazi. Nyuma yiminota 3-5 Kugarura imiterere yumubiri wumwimerere.
Inganda zikora imiti zikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, acide peracetike, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide, nibindi, okiside nka aside tartaric na vitamine. Uruganda rwa farumasi rukoreshwa nka bagiteri, imiti yica udukoko, na okiside mu gukora thiram na litiro 40 za antibacterial. Inganda zo gucapa no gusiga irangi zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guhumura imyenda yimpamba kandi nkibikoresho byo gusiga irangi. Gukuraho ibyuma nibindi byuma biremereye iyo bikoreshwa mugukora umunyu wibyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Ikoreshwa kandi mubwogero bwa electroplating kugirango ukureho umwanda udasanzwe kandi utezimbere ubwiza bwibice byashizweho. Ikoreshwa kandi muguhumura ubwoya, silike mbisi, amahembe y'inzovu, pulp, ibinure, nibindi. Ubwinshi bwa hydrogène peroxide irashobora gukoreshwa nkibicanwa bya roketi.
Imikoreshereze yabaturage: guhangana numunuko wumwanda wigikoni, kuri farumasi kugura hydrogen peroxide wongeyeho amazi wongeyeho ifu yo kumesa mumazi irashobora kwanduzwa, kwanduza, kwanduza;
3% hydrogen peroxide (urwego rwubuvuzi) kugirango yanduze ibikomere.
Amategeko agenga inganda
Uburyo bwa alkaline hydrogen peroxide yo gukora: electrode yo mu kirere irimo krypton yo gukora hydrogène hydrogène peroxide ya alkaline, irangwa nuko buri electrode igizwe na plaque ya anode, meshi ya pulasitike, cation membrane na helium irimo cathode yo mu kirere, hejuru n'impera zo hepfo ya electrode ikorera. Hariho icyumba cyo gukwirakwiza cyinjira mumazi hamwe nicyumba cyo gukusanya cyo gusohora ayo mazi, kandi orifice itunganijwe mumazi yinjira, kandi electrode igizwe nibice byinshi ikoresha uburyo buke bwo guhuza dipole kugirango yongere ubworoherane bwa plastike ya anode izenguruka. amazi ya alkali yinjira no gusohoka. Umuyoboro umaze guhuzwa n'amazi yo gukusanya ibintu byinshi, itsinda rya electrode igizwe nibice byinshi byegeranijwe na plaque yibice.
Uburyo bwo kutabogama kwa fosifori: irangwa nuko itegurwa bivuye mumuti wa sodium peroxide wamazi ukoresheje intambwe zikurikira:
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Uburyo bwa acide electrolytike sulfurike: electrolyzed 60% acide sulfurike kugirango ibone aside peroxodisulfurike, hanyuma hydrolyzed kugirango ibone urugero rwa 95% hydrogen peroxide.
2-Uburyo bwa Ethyl oxime: Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora inganda zinganda nuburyo bwa 2-Ethyl oxime (EAQ). 2-Ethyl hydrazine ku bushyuhe runaka.
Izo mbaraga zifata hydrogène zakozwe na catalizator kugirango ikore 2-Ethylhydroquinone, na 2-Ethylhydroquinone itanga ogisijeni hamwe na ogisijeni mubushyuhe runaka nigitutu.
Kugabanya reaction, 2-Ethylhydroquinone iragabanuka kugirango ibe 2-hydratine hydrazine na hydrogen peroxide. Nyuma yo kuyikuramo, haboneka igisubizo cyamazi ya hydrogène peroxide, hanyuma amaherezo igasukurwa na hydrocarubone iremereye cyane kugirango ibone igisubizo cyujuje ubuziranenge cyamazi ya hydrogène peroxide, ikunze kwitwa hydrogen peroxide. Byinshi muribi bikorwa bikoreshwa mugutegura 27.5% hydrogène peroxide, hamwe nigisubizo kinini cyamazi ya hydrogène peroxide yumuti (nka 35%, 50% hydrogène peroxide) irashobora kuboneka kubitandukanya.
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